Wow. This is HUGE, and no one seems to have noticed it. Back in May 2005, Sarah
Theule Lubienski and Christopher Lubienski published a report
in the Phi Delta Kappan saying that after controlling for student background,
mathematics achievement in public schools is actualy higher than that
in private schools. It’s a striking finding: as the authors note,
The study focused solely on student achievement in mathematics — a subject
generally thought to be less influenced by family background and more influenced
by institutional effects than other school subjects such as literacy.
In other words, if this is true for mathematics, it’s likely to be even more
true for other subjects.
The study went all but unnoticed: Google shows
the grand total of four web pages linking to it. I only found it because one
year later, the Atlantic found 127 words for it in its "Primary Sources"
This is a question I’ve been interested in for a while. In fact, last year,
when I was reviewing Freakonomics,
I put the question to Steven Levitt in an email:
I’m interested in the practical implications of your parenting chapter. It’s
long struck me that private primary and secondary education is probably the
single most expensive thing in America which nobody ever seems to stop and
wonder whether or not it’s worth it. I’ve seen lots of citations of the value
of a college education, but I’ve seen nothing about the marginal value of
a private-school education over a public-school education, or even whether
it’s nonzero. Do you think this is something which private schools can or
should be able to provide? Data showing that, after adjusting for parents’
income etc etc, privately-educated kids do measurably better than they would
have done in their local public schools?
Levitt replied:
Absolutely fantastic question. It is something I have been interested in
myself, but haven’t done research. It is a tough question, but the best research
I have seen suggests that Catholic schools might provide benefits to inner-city
black children. I am not aware of any evidence on college prep type of private
schools like the one I went to, but it may be out there. My own research,
which we touch on in the book, suggests that peer effects are much less important
than people tend to think — folks aren’t good at separating inputs from outputs.
Which is your point I think. The biggest peer effects we see in my work is
on outcomes like going to jail, but almost nothing on test scores or graduation.
Well, now we have some data, and it seems to show that paying for a private-school
education is money very badly spent: it’s like shelling out for a mediocre car
when the government will give you a better one for free.
Here are the graphs showing private-school and public-school achievement in
fourth grade and eighth grade, within SES (social-economic status) quartiles:
In all four quartiles in both grades, public-school kids clearly outperform
their private-school counterparts. Although private schools
do have better mathermatics results than public schools, that’s entirely because
the kids in those schools are more privileged.
The Lubienskis conclude:
Our findings suggest that it is time for a critical reexamination of common
assumptions regarding the effectiveness of public and private schools. As
market-style reforms change the public school landscape, prompting many to
call for various forms of privatization of schooling options, it is important
to examine the evidence regarding whether private schools are, indeed, more
effective than public schools. In our study, once we accounted for the fact
that private schools tend to have higher-SES students than public schools,
we actually found just the opposite of what was expected: public schools outperformed
private schools within each SES quartile.
I could put it more simply: send your kids to public school.
They’ll do better than they would at private school, and with the money you
save you can further improve their upbringing, education and lifestyle in many
other ways.
UPDATE: It turns out there’s a more extensive and later survey, with much the same conclusions, which can be found here and was reported on in the NYT here.
Um, where is the correlation between test scores and performance later in life (I guess income would be the best metric, or adult SES)?
I thought it was generally assumed that investment in private schools wasn’t to actually make your child smarter, but simply to increase the odds of them gaining admission to selective institutions further up the chain to that show correlations to higher income in adults.
It’s a fairly easy argument to make that intergenerational wealth transfer generally falls a path of degredation (that is, those inheriting wealth tend not to generate much additional wealth beyond the institutional effects of trusts and investments), so educating the childern of elites isn’t about egalitarian performance, but insulating them from those very market forces you are talking about.
Maybe your east coast perspective is inhibiting an understanding of private education nationwide. Outside of the northeast (and really, given enrollment, it’s not like Horace Mann or Groton even register as statisical blibs), private eduaction primarily means catholic education, and there is the admitted correlation between catholic education for inner city students and higher scores.
I think your general point is admirable, but the data could also be used to justify not giving NYC the additional funds mandated by the state, and that doesn’t seem to be the end you have in mind.
Even controlling for SES, there are important geographic differences to consider. Within a high-SES group, the marginal value of private education for residents of a wealthy suburb is much less than the marginal value of private education for wealthy residents of a large city such as NYC, I’d imagine.
Well, this is interesting. But does it mean that the money spent on private schools is wasted? I don’t think so. It’s the promise of status gain that really leads people to send their kids to private school. Having attended private school gives you access to further status resources, and *that’s* what you pay the money for.
Trying to figure out why this study hasn’t received more attention than it has, perhaps the reason is that its findings may have actually always been seen as true — until only relatively recently. That is, perhaps the results are “surprising” only when looked at in the light of relatively “recent” (post-1970s school “reforms” and white flight, etc.) American history. And while the pre-1970s aren’t all that recent anymore, they are recent enough for many educators and policy analysts to have a first-hand recollection/knowledge of them.
One immediate illustration that comes to mind:
Although the study chose not to include high school students (for good reasons), when one looks at the winners of the prestigious mathematical and science prizes for high school students (e.g., the Intel Awards, originally called the Westinghouse Awards), it seems to me that the winners are usually from public high schools — at least that has been the case in the NYC area (e.g., Stuyvesant High School, Bronx High School of Science, etc.) which seems to usually garner the largest percentage of winners year after year (at least from the 1960s onward).
Another illustration:
When I was a student in the NYC school system in the 1950s and 1960s, I think most people assumed (correctly or incorrectly) that NYC public schools were both the best (usually) and the worst (occassionally) and that education at private schools was usually just on par, or even sometimes “second rate,” when compared to the vast majority of NYC public schools (i.e., those not in “bad” neighborhoods) — with the kids in parochial schools being sent there for religious or disciplinary reasons and the kids in prep schools being put there for social or disciplinary reasons.
save this in my email…
This debate over public schools and private high schools will never end. Both types of schools are working hard to provide a good and high standard education to students and both are good.
Is an expensive private school education worth all the money ? My parents spent $ 88 . 000 dollars sending me to Ballarat Grammar School from 1960 to 1972 . I bombed out and went on the dole , the lousy school I went to does not train you for employment , all they do is shove you behind a desk and judge you by a number . My parents struggled to keep me there and there was no money left to train me for a job . The school I went to failed to notice that I have a powerfull imagination . To prove that I have a powerfull imagination please go to http://www.muchjokes.com > Jewish jokes and read jokes written by me ……… I have become a first class no hoper Ballarat Grammar and my parents are to blame .
I’m sorry but I dont’t think all of it’s true. I agree with you that private schools are really expensive but i went to a private school for two years myself. In my last year there, it became difficult for my parents to afford it and, somehow, our headmaster found out and he gave us 75% of the fees. Our parents were grateful but the fees was still too expensive for us so they put my name down for a public school. The public school was supposed to be the best public school in my region but,when I got my place there, I found that they were behind what I was doing in my private school and that there were a lot more bullies here.
Sorry, but my old post may not be as reliable as I thought it to be. I searched some of the above schools in the comments and found that they were in New York (i.e America). I live in the U.K so my comment probably was invalid about the schools in America.
Private schools are more better than public schools.
Yes I also belive that public schools are better and if I had money I still go to a public school
I do not believe that public schools are better than private school.
Public schools are better. Private schools are established mainly for profit making
private school fees are too expensive
i go to private school and i hate it every kids knows about everyones private life its annoying
public school are better…. private schools taking fees every month & that is also very expensive
private schools are better than public school because their end product can never be compare with that of public schools.
Public schools are better. Students get exposed to real life diversity, and are eduacated by teachers who are more highly qualified, and are paid better. If you take public school’s “honors” students, they are actually further ahead than private school students. The only difference is demographics.
Public schools are better than private schools | Felix Salmon
give me more
in my point of view now a days private schools are better than public schools because in private schools teachers are in under pressure in that way they afraid from this thing that if we don’t give response to children so head miss or head master will get know about that and we could out of the school in that way teachers pay attention to students and in public schools teachers know that if don’t pay attention to students so we can not or could out of the schools.it is true that in private schools there is huge fees but it is good for them who read in private schools they know that if we don’t give response to our study so it is our loss or parents know that if we leave our children study so it is our hard work, time n child loss and in public schools parents & students know that if we don’t give response so it is okay it is fine because we are not paying fees.